妇产科在线APP下载
这是美国医生执医之始的一段激励讲话,很有教育意义，在此与大家分享。。
PSAT (K-12)
Preliminary Scholastic Achievement Test. Most students take this test in the fall of their junior year in high school (usually in October).
However, many students take it "for practice" at some point during their sophomore year.
Your score on this exam is important because it determines your eligibility for a National Merit Scholarship.
SAT
Scholastic Achievement Test.
Students take this test in the spring of their junior year in high school, in preparation for going to college.
There are two subjects tested, verbal skills and math skills. 1.8 million students take the SAT each year.
ACT
ACT Assessment.
Students take this test in place of, or in addition to, the SAT for entrance into college.
The exam is offered six times a year, in February, April, June, September, October, and December.
It is more widely used in the Midwest region of the US. It covers English, reading, science, and math.
GRE
Graduate Record Examination.
The GRE is required for admission to graduate school. This computerized exam is offered year-round, but only during the first 3 weeks of every calendar month. It tests students on verbal skills, quantitative skills (math), and analytical reasoning skills.
GMAT
Graduate Management Admission Test.
The GMAT is required for admission to business school.
This computerized test is offered year-round, but only in the last 3 weeks of every calendar month.
It tests students on verbal skills, quantitative skills (math) and analytical writing skills.
LSAT
Law School Admission Test.
The LSAT is required for admission to law school.
Most students take this test in October, however, it is also offered in June, December, and February.
The LSAT is not a knowledge-based test, but rather a thinking and reasoning-based test.
TOEFL
Test Of English as a Foreign Language.
The TOEFL is required to assess the English proficiency of people who speak English as a non-native language.
It is a required exam for those students wishing to begin undergraduate or graduate study in the US.
The TOEFL is a computer exam which is given year round.
There are 4 sections: listening comprehension, structure, reading comprehension and writing.
MCAT
Medical College Admissions Test.
The MCAT is a standardized test administered by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) to prospective medical students as a means to standardise comparison between them for purposes of admission to medical school.
The test is given twice a year, once in April and once in August. The test consists of four sections: verbal reasoning (VR), physical sciences (PS), biological sciences (BS), and a writing sample (WS). The verbal, physical science, and biological science sections are multiple-choice. The writing sample is evaluated with two short essays. Scores for the multiple-choice sections range from 1 to 15. Scores for the writing section range from J to T. Often, the numerical scores are added together to give a composite score.生if one＇s score on the physical, verbal, and biological sections is 12, 13, and 11, respectively, then the composite score would be 36. The score from the writing sample may also be appended to the composite score (e.g. 36S).
DAT
Dental Admissions Test. The DAT is required for admission to dental school. It is a computerized test offered year-round. The DAT tests your skills in reading comprehension, natural sciences, quantitative reasoning, and perceptual ability.
Test takers of the GRE, LSAT, MCAT and DAT are usually juniors or seniors in college, though some test takers have been working for several years, and are looking for a career change. Conversely, most GMAT test takers have been out of college for at least 1-2 years since business schools rarely admit students without work experience. More than half of last year＇s GMAT test takers were over 26.
NCLEX
National Council Licensure Examination.
Most nursing students take the exam within 3 months after finishing nursing school.
This correlates to a May-July test "season."
USMLE
United States Medical Licensing Examination.
A medical student must pass the USMLE in order to become a licensed physician in the United States.
In addition, any doctor licensed outside the country must pass this exam to practice medicine in the US.
This test has three levels, called "Steps".
The Step 1 exam is given to second year medical students. Most people take the USMLE in May-July or November-December.
Resident Training Program Objectives
The educational objective of the residency program in Obstetrics and Gynecology is to have each graduate excel in the clinical practice of obstetrics and gynecology.
The underlying theme of this academic department is that a clinical department should be excellent clinically.
Resident Training Program Objectives
Training is thus broad-based, including a focus on primary care for women, but also encompassing exposure to the various sub-specialties within obstetrics and gynecology
-- endocrinology and infertility, oncology, maternal-fetal medicine, urogynecology, pathology, and infectious disease.
Every graduate is well prepared to provide preventive primary care for each patient.
Resident Training Program Objectives
In addition to an emphasis on primary care, our graduates are equipped to serve as consultants in the care of women for other primary care physicians in Internal Medicine, Pediatrics and Family Practice.
They receive a broad clinical exposure in all areas of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Residents gain experience in all three of the recognized subspecialties (Oncology, Endocrinology-Infertility, and Maternal-Fetal Medicine) at both of the institutions through which they rotate: a high level teaching community hospital (The New York Hospital Medical Center of Queens) and a world class tertiary academic medical center (New York Weill Cornell Center).
Resident Training Program Goals
1. To provide a volume of experience in obstetrics and gynecology, by way of a diverse clinical exposure, that will allow each resident to master his/her skills.
2. To provide an extensive exposure to primary preventive care.
3. To provide a state of the art knowledge and exposure to didactic teaching in all areas of clinical obstetrics and gynecology, including the subspecialties.
4. To provide both an exposure to the extensive basic science and clinical research ongoing at our institution and the opportunity to perform research by the requirement of completion of one project presented at the end of the Chief year (PGY-4) at the Annual Chief Residents＇ Day. Understanding of research design, methodology and statistical analysis is thus necessary.
Resident Training Program Goals
5. To provide on-site supervision by experienced, board certified or eligible faculty in all areas of clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, and in areas of primary care.
6. To instill in each resident a long term goal of continuing self education.
7. To provide a system of evaluation of residents and faculty that is dynamic and mutually beneficial.
Training Facilities: New York Presbyterian Hospital Weill Cornell Center
The New York Presbyterian Hospital Weill Cornell Center opened a new state of the art hospital in May 1997.
This new facility has been designed with improvements in the flow of patients in the areas of labor and delivery and the operating suites and recovery rooms that allow the residents to operate and run the respective services much more efficiently.
This facility is built directly east of the previous hospital and is thus intimately connected to all of the areas where the residents must gain access with the exception of The New York Hospital Medical Center of Queens (NYHMC-Q).
New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center
The in-patient teaching program is centered at the New York Weill Cornell Center; the service includes 68 beds divided between obstetrics and gynecology.
The residents are divided into three teams: obstetrics, gynecology and oncology.
The Obstetrics Service has five residents at a time: a service chief, three daytime junior residents (an intern, a PGY-2 on antepartum and a PGY-2 on labor and delivery) and a night float who covers from 6 pm to 8 am. There is also a night float chief resident who covers both obstetrics and gynecology at night.
There are rounds every morning with the attending to review the service, as well as specialty conferences which include: perinatal, neonatal, ultrasound, ethics, genetics, quality assurance, fetal heart rate monitoring and a didactic lecture series. There were 5000 deliveries in the year 2001
The Gynecology Service has seven residents at any one time: a service chief, four junior daytime residents and two night float residents who work 6 pm to 8 am five days a week.
These various night float residents allow us to be in compliance with the NY State Resident Work Hour Guidelines as set forth by the Bell Commission.
There are Attending Rounds three days per week, as well as Endocrine, Quality Assurance and a didactic lecture series.
Operative gynecology is taught by both full-time and private attendings in the New York Weill Cornell Center operating rooms (as well as at NYHMC- Queens as detailed below).
Two to three rooms of major cases and two to three rooms of minor cases run each day.
In addition, the residents have their own case load with attending coverage as described.
Many of our cases are now handled in an active ambulatory surgery area. This includes a wide experience in operative laparoscopy and hysteroscopy including CO2, KTP and YAG laser procedures.
The New York Weill Cornell Center Gyn Oncology Service currently has two residents at any one time. The chief resident on oncology performs all radical surgical procedures during his/her two-month rotation. The junior residents assist on these cases as well as take care of all inpatients on the service including any post operative patients with complications. There is a weekly Tumor Board. The oncology attending makes rounds every day.
Endocrinology and infertility experience is obtained in three ways. During the ambulatory care rotation the chief residents run an endocrine/infertility clinic one session per week. In the Chief year, there is a dedicated block of time where the PGY 4 residents spend each day with an RE&I attending and fellow. In addition, all residents gain experience in laser surgery, microsurgery, and other endocrine/infertility procedures during their time spent in the operating rooms on the gynecology service.
The Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility is the largest assisted reproduction program in the USA (approximately 1200 retrievals/year) and also encompasses a large ovulation induction program. The resident is actively involved in vaginal ultrasound scanning for infertility, management of fertility medications and learns the proper work-up for an infertility patient. There is an active fellowship in reproductive endocrinology and infertility with seven fellows.
Primary Preventive Care
Education in primary and preventive care is provided by four months in outpatient medicine, one month in the Emergency room, and one month of Geriatrics.
These six months are equally divided (two months each) into the PGY 1-3 years. All of these individual rotations are done in a block of one month each.
The four months of outpatient medicine is spent working in the Cornell Internal Medicine Associates (CIMA), which is the Internal Medicine residency program＇s clinic.
This clinic is supervised by a cadre of senior and junior attendings, all of whom are dedicated to the instruction of the residents, and see their own private patients in the same physical area.
During the residents＇ time at CIMA there is an emphasis on primary care outpatient management. The residents will learn the essentials of the treatment of infectious diseases, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, asthma, common metabolic disorders and psychiatric, social and family issues.
Primary Preventive Care
An additional month of outpatient medicine is spent at the emergency department of The New York Hospital Medical Center of Queens (NYHMC-Q), where the residents become knowledgeable in all aspects of the acute care of patients.
This month functions as the one month of emergency medicine required within the six months of primary care instruction.
The emergency room is part of the EMS network for New York City; a diverse patient population is attracted through this network, including rape cases.
The last month is Geriatrics, which is designed to focus on both preventive care for the elderly and treatment of common medical problems from which elderly patients suffer.
The geriatric rotation has included weekly sessions in osteoporosis, breast and urogynecology clinics. It is anticipated that next year＇s rotation will incorporate time at the New York Weill Cornell Center＇s new outpatient geriatric facility on the upper East Side.
Ambulatory Obstetrics and Gynecology
Education in ambulatory Ob/Gyn is provided through the Division of Women＇s Health and its busy clinic (over 18,000 visits per year).
This past year this clinic has been restructured to provide almost entirely continuity care.
Residents attend clinic sessions 1/2 to 1 day a week throughout their four years no matter which rotation they are on. Patients are scheduled to see their individual residents using a computerized system accessible throughout the hospital. Thus, a resident can make a follow-up appointment in his or her clinic for an ER patient right in the ER.
Specialty clinics are still held for colposcopy, high risk obstetrics, oncology, urogynecology and endocrine/infertility.
Each chief spends two months supervising the clinic, running the specialty sessions and booking patients for surgeries to take place during the chief＇s subsequent Gyn rotation.
The New York Hospital Medical Center of Queens (NYHMC-Q)
At NYHMC-Q there are four residents on the service at any time, one from each post-graduate year, including a chief resident for six months out of each year.
The service includes obstetrics, high risk obstetrics, gynecology, gynecologic oncology, and the emergency room.
The duties are apportioned each day by the chief resident.
Residents are able to obtain a wide range of experience in primary care, obstetrics, high risk obstetrics, gynecology, oncology, infertility, and the management of patients presenting to the emergency room.
Specifically, the volume and breadth of vaginal surgery and operative laparoscopic procedures provides a boost to the already large volume performed at the New York Weill Cornell Center.
The residents who are on call at NYHMC-Q cover the emergency room and see every female patient who presents to the ER with abdominal pain.
Resident Training Program Rotations
PGY-4
The fourth year residents will continue to hone the skills learned in the first three years. They will have the responsibility to determine the diagnosis and care for all patients on their service. They will supervise junior residents in uncomplicated deliveries and gynecologic procedures and will be the primary surgeon for complicated obstetrical and gynecologic cases.
Both the Obstetric and Gynecologic Services have a Day Team (7am-7pm) and a Night Team (6pm-8am). In the chief year, every service is covered by the service chief until 6 pm, when the night chief takes over.
We are in compliance with the New York State regulations regarding residents＇ work hours.
Basic Cardiac Life Support (BCLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) certification and continuing education in accordance with requirements of The New York Heart Association, Inc. is required.
Educational Conferences
There is full time staff participation in the subspecialty conferences, Quality Assurance conference, Grand Rounds, Resident Lecture Series, and Journal conferences. These conferences emphasize literature review and current research in the clinical areas under discussion.
Grand Rounds (weekly) Link to Ob-Gyn NEWS Quality Assurance Conference (weekly) High-Risk Ob Conference (weekly) Tumor Board (weekly) Endocrine Conference (weekly) Monitor Conference (weekly) Resident Class (weekly) Combined Neonatal Rounds (weekly)
Gynecology Case Conference (weekly)
Resident/Faculty Evaluations
Twice a year each resident is formally evaluated in a meeting with the Program Director and senior faculty present. Each resident receives a written copy of the following items which form the basis of the evaluation:
1. Written evaluations from the directors of each of the rotations in the prior year; the resident experience is discussed.
2. Results of the CREOG exam (All residents are required to take the CREOG exam.)
3. Resident surgical experience recorded in our clinical database.
4. Results of medical student evaluation of resident teaching
At the end of each year of training, residents are asked to complete an evaluation form for each Faculty member with whom they have had contact during the academic year.
Chief Residents Day
Each resident during the course of his/her four years must complete an original research project under the direction of a faculty sponsor.
Full time faculty are involved in research and include the residents in projects regularly.
Congratulations! You are a doctor now.
